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The glycemic index measures:

  1. The overall caloric content of a meal

  2. How quickly a food affects blood sugar

  3. Protein content in food

  4. The fiber content of carbohydrates

The correct answer is: How quickly a food affects blood sugar

The glycemic index specifically assesses how quickly carbohydrate-containing foods increase blood glucose levels after being consumed. Foods with a high glycemic index raise blood sugar rapidly, while those with a low glycemic index result in a slower, more gradual increase in blood sugar. This measurement is particularly important for individuals managing conditions such as diabetes, as it helps inform choices that maintain stable blood glucose levels. The other options focus on different nutritional aspects: caloric content, protein content, and fiber content, none of which directly relate to the glycemic index or its purpose.