Certified Dietary Manager (CDM) Practice Exam

Energy-yielding nutrients include which of the following?

1. Vitamins and minerals

2. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

3. Fiber and water

4. Antioxidants

The correct answer is: Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Energy-yielding nutrients are those that provide the body with energy in the form of calories, which are essential for various physiological functions and overall health. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (fats) are the primary macronutrients that supply this energy. Carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy, particularly for high-intensity activities. They break down into glucose, which can be readily utilized for energy production. Proteins serve several functions, including tissue repair and muscle building, but they can also be converted into energy when needed, particularly during prolonged exercise or when carbohydrate stores are low. Lipids, or fats, provide a concentrated source of energy and are crucial for long-term energy storage, hormone production, and nutrient absorption. In contrast, options such as vitamins and minerals, fiber and water, and antioxidants do not yield energy. Vitamins and minerals are essential for numerous biochemical reactions but do not provide calories. Fiber is important for digestive health but also does not contribute to caloric intake. Antioxidants protect cells from damage but likewise do not supply energy. Thus, the correct answer highlights the nutrients that are fundamental for energy provision within the diet.