Certified Dietary Manager (CDM) Practice Exam

Constipation is characterized by:

1. Frequent bowel movements with watery stools

2. Passage of small amounts of hard, dry bowel movements

3. Severe abdominal pain and cramping

4. The inability to urinate

The correct answer is: Passage of small amounts of hard, dry bowel movements

The characteristic nature of constipation is best represented by the passage of small amounts of hard, dry bowel movements. This definition stems from the understanding that constipation occurs when bowel movements become infrequent or difficult to pass. Normally, individuals should have a regular pattern of bowel movement, and constipation indicates that the stool remains in the intestines longer than normal, leading to increased water absorption by the body, which makes the stool hard and dry. This condition often results in discomfort and may produce fewer bowel movements than what is considered normal, typically less than three times a week. The hard consistency of the stool is a significant indicator because it often causes straining during attempts to defecate, illustrating the body's struggle to expel what's become compacted in the intestines. Recognizing this aspect helps in understanding bowel health and the dietary changes or interventions needed to alleviate constipation symptoms.